THE EMANCIPATION

The Great precursor of the emancipation was Juan Pablo Vizcardo and Guzmán, the Jesuit priest is considered in justice the great precursor of the independence of Spanish America. The

Favorable Revolutionary Environment in Peru

Main phases and events that had to confront the Virrey Abascal. The anxiety conspiradora and revolutionary in File Protests, shouts, defiances, turmoils and revolutions in the diverse provinces.

In Lima the focus of conspiracy and ideological diffusion:
The convictorio of San Carlos
The School of Medicine of San Fernando
The Oratory of San Felipe
The Lawyers of File The Clergy
The Peruvian Mercury
The Riva Aguero Movement.

The Expedition Libertadora Southern - Action of San Martin in Chile

José of San Martin born in Argentina is distinguished in the rows of the I exercise Spaniard against the francese, returns to its country and is enlisted in the patriotic rows, calling to the congress of Tucuman, proclaiming the Independence of the provinces of the River of the Silver. It understood the emancipation of its country and of the countries of America, as an international fight, joined against the poderio Spanish and for it based on its regiment Grenadiers to Horse begins to form the great I exercise liberator of the Andes I sedate named Capitan General. It divides to its forces in 2 parts and then both converge in Chacabuco. Such was their victorious strategy. Thus wins the battle of Chacabuco to the realistic forces in Chile.

It is named Supreme Director of Chile, charge that transfers to the patriotic one Bernardo OR' Higgins. Meanwhile the Virrey of Peru, Joaquín of the Pezuela sends an expedition to the command of the Brigadier Osorio, and this with 5000 men, advances toward Santiago, defeating to the patriotic forces. Nevertheless, in Maipu, San Martin defeats completely to the realistic forces in Chile, achieving thus the independence of the old General Headquarters.

The Southern Freedom Expedition: Action of San Martin in Chile

José of San Martin born in Argentina is distinguished in the rows of the Spaniard army against the french one, returns to its country and is enlisted in the patriotic rows, calling to the congress of Tucuman, proclaiming the Independence of the provinces of the River of the Silver. It understood the emancipation of its country and of the countries of America, as an international fight, joined against the powerful Spanish Rule and for it based on its regiment Grenadiers to Horse begins to form the great liberator army of the Andes being named Capitan General. It divides to its forces in 2 parts and then both converge in Chacabuco. Such was their victorious strategy. Thus wins the battle of Chacabuco to the realistic forces in Chile.

It is named Supreme Director of Chile, charge that transfers to the patriotic one Bernardo OR' Higgins. Meanwhile the Viceroy of Peru, Joaquín of the Pezuela sends an expedition to the command of the Brigadier Osorio, and this with 5000 men, advances toward Santiago, defeating to the patriotic forces. Nevertheless, in Maipu, San Martin defeats completely to the realistic forces in Chile, achieving thus the independence of the old General Headquarters.

THE EXPEDITION IN PERU

It continues San Martin its work for freedom, receiving support of the new independent republics, and besides, relates to the Peruvian patriots receiving valuable reports.

San Martin is armed of a powerful squad, part of her confiscated to the realistic army; in turn the Vice Admiral Lord Cochrane, supporting to the preparations of the army liberator, he carries out 2 expeditions to the Peruvian coasts in 1819.

With the squad and the ready, expeditionary army, San Martin is named supreme commander, directing a proclamation for the emancipation of Peru. To its criterion, was the most memorable campaign of his revolution.

SAN MARTIN IN PERU

Arrives at Peru, with 2 divisions: Army of the Andes and Army of Chile, adding more than 4000 men, besides a strong squad of war. In every moment is supported for the Peruvian patriots, as Review I Predict. He swears of the Independence and Protectorate The realistic army leaves File, and is a victim of the panic, product of the false news, spread by the realists. It entered San Martin to File July 9 and the 15 agrees in Open city Hall, the Independence, directing that the solemn one swears be July 28; thus was done and August 3, San Martin assumes the military political command with the title of Protector, to the 20 of Setiembre of 1822. They form part of their cabinet Bernardo Monteagudo, Hipólito Unanue and Juan Garcia of
the River.

THE FIRST PERUVIAN CONGRESS

In the middle of the popular enthusiasm the First Congress of Peru was installed independent, the 20 of Toadstool. Of 1822. Before him, San Martin renounced the title of Protector, leaving on the government in the hands of the Peruvians.

They were 71 representatives originating from the departments free of Peru and that represented maybe of the intelligentsia of that then, that they met to conduct the destinies of the country. One of their first acts was to name a provisional president, falling such mission in the person of Mr. Toribio Rodriguez of Mendoza, the illustrious master one chachapoyano, whose disciples did justice to their vigilance in the fight by the emancipation upon offering him so honorable charge. Then it proceeded to nominate effective president of the congress, falling such appointment in the illustrious intellectual native one Mr. Francisco Javier Moon Pizarro.

REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT FROM THE NORTH

As in every America, the town boiled of enthusiasm by his liberty, and thus also the Venezuelan raised himself. Bolívar was in Jamaica, and Haíti, refuge of the patriots, and from there organized an army. Then the Venezuelan Congress chooses him President.

He initiates the offensive action against the Spanish colonial power in New Granada (Colombia) and Venezuela, in the battles of the Swamp of steep Slopes and Bocayá (New Granada). In Venezuela, the Congress agreed the integration of the Great Colombia (Venezuela-New Granada-Remove). In Venezuela, patriotic and they take the region of Maracaibo and then Caracas. In the Battles of Carabobo of June 24, 1821. It is conquered finally the realists. The Battle of Pichincha (24-5-1822) sealed the independence of Quito. It was directed by Sucre, that was by Bolívar, and supported by Holy Cross, envoy of San Martin.

BOLIVAR IN THE GREAT COLOMBIA

After it named President of Venezuela, Bolívar splits to New Granada (Colombia) where in the battle of Bocayá rout to the realists.

BOLIVAR IN PERU, JUNIN AND AYACUCHO

Sucre prepared the road for the arrival of Simón Bolivar that arrives the 1º of Toadstool. Of 1823. The Congress gives him the military and political command, naming it Dictator. It faces an uprising to Review I Predict and of the Argentine Soldiers that guarded the catillos of the Callao. It puts they give credit to such disorders and central as their main one preocupacion, the reorganizacion of the I exercise, being availing oneself of all the possible media.
BATTLE OF JUNIN

August 2, 1824, Bolívar in the plain of Rancas (Pasco) passed magazine to its soldiers directing them a celebrate proclamation. They leave upon I giving following and August 6 that I exercise enters action; Canterac directed the Realistic cavalry. Necochea the Patriot. To this battle I am called him the batallade the white weapons because itself was not carried out ningun firearms shot type was alone to saber and spear.the Spaniards attacked so violently that was impossible an patriotic answer. But the General one Necochea, beforehand had situated to the squadron "Hussars of Junín" behind some swamps. This escuadron was decisive for the moment in which the Spaniards sang victory, because crushes to the realists, producing a disband. In prize changes him itself the name by "Hussars of Peru".

BATTLE OF AYACUCHO

Canterac fled toward the Cuzco. Bolivar divides to its forces returns with a part toward the coast and orders Sucre, to be directed with another part, by the Saw toward the North. The Virrey The Serna concentrates on the Cuzco all its troops, and after advancing toward the north, has small collisions with Sucre, like that of Corpahuayco. December 6, Sucre camps in the Prairies of the Quinua and The Sernaen the hill Condorcunca. Already December 8 they are found face to face, and in the early morning, Sucre directs an immortal proclamation. At 10 o'clock to.m. itself inica the fire. The 3 realistic divisions attack furiously. Then Cordova, that directed a patriotic division, shouts: Ahead, Weapons to discresión, Step of Winners and advances resolutely, rolling the realists, finally, obliging to sign the Capitulation by which they moved away of Peru, leaving the Power upon I Exercising Liberator.

THE LIFE CONSTITUTION

After Junín and Ayacucho, Bolivar leaves the command to the General Santa Cruz. In 1826 it met the Congress and already a general discontent is perceived, therefore the Constitution wanted to be established Bolivariana, that considered the Life Presidency. This Constitution established 4 powers: Electoral, Legislative, Executive and Judicial; the "Open city Hall" met in File, forced Santa Cruz to call elections, resulting José of The Sea, President.