THE CONQUEST

The Conquest of Peru is one of the events of greater importance and significance of our history and, at the same time, one of the most outstanding events of the History of the New World, owed, exactly, to the sleeves consequences that were derived from him.

Such memorable fact is initiated when the Spaniards commanded by Francisco Pizarro (whose number did not arrive at 200), that had invaded the territories of the Tahuantinsuyo by the North region (Fall), originating in Panama, they displaced themselves bound for the city of Cajamarca. City this that, then, is taken militarily November 16, 1532, after to have done prisoner to Atahualpa, last emperor of the famous empire of the Inca. Subsequently all the territories of the Old one Peru would be conquered and incorporated to the controls of Spain.

Factors that caused the Invasion and Conquest Of Peru:

Economical
To be able to exploit their abundant consistent wealth, especially, in gold and in silver, precious metals these that so much abounded in these with marks of the Kingdom of the Children of the Sun.

Political
The ambition of Spain of encumbrarse to the category of first nation of Europe. This Iberian country, culminates its caressed ideal upon intervening resueltemente in the conquest and colonization of the richest territories of the New World, headquarters, at the same time of the two most famous empires of America pre-Colombian: that of Mexico (Aztec) and that of Peru (Inca), the same that fall downcast, one after another, before the push of the peninsular invaders.

Military and Scientist
One of the decisive factors is that the peninsular included weapons and military know-how very advanced. An instrument scientific that, surely, giving them important help the conquerors was the so much compass for their maritime crossings of exploration as to be oriented in the immensities of the American territories.

Religious
Since the initiation of the Large Geographical Discoveries the extraordinary interest of the church by the diffusion of the Christianity is notified. Such ideal make it real thanks, exactly, to the work of Spain, catholic eminent Nation, and, above all, due to the self-sacrificing and fertile work of its missionaries, many of which reached fame as the martyrs of that brilliant one but sacrificed evangelistic work, and, likewise, like valiant, defenders of the native population set against the abuses each more growing day of the peninsular.

Transplant of the Spanish Culture to Peru Spain
Brings the elements of the western culture in general and of culture particularly, such they are for example, new intellectual know-how (scientific, literary, philosophical) transmitted through 4 basic elements: The Spanish language The writing phonetics The role and The press.

Transplant new political institutions:
The absolutist monarchical government, in the form of Virreynato and The city hall, Institution that governed a city, integrated by for 2 mayors and various Managers. It brings the evangelization through the missions of the religious Dominicans, mercedarios, agustinos, Franciscan and jesuítas. was converted them to the natives to the Christianity using its own language.

Besides Spain brings new agricultural products as the cereals (wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, vegetables, etc. cane of sugar, coffee and olive; flowers like roses and jasmines; transplants new pets: cow, ox, hog, sheep, chickens, as for technical elements we have: the around, the gunpowder, the glass, etc. and the metallic currency, basic element for the commerce.

SPANISH MONOPOLY

Spain established since the first moments of the Cologne, the commercial monopoly, by the cúal only she could trade in fora he closed and exclusive with his colonies, being prohibited to do it with troas European nations and even among the same colonies (Mexico and Peru); Felipe II I need in 1561 the only ports of entry and exit in Spain (Cadiz and Seville) and in America (Veracruz, Callao, Cartagena and Portobelo).

To avoid and to negotiate the attacks of pirated ships, 2 times a year, they set sail of Seville, 2 ships merchantmen guarded by 2 ships of the Real Armada; this monopoly, in reality damaged economically the industrial development of Spain and its colonies; as antagonism, the contraband arises or illicit commerce performed by English, French, Dutch and Portuguese.

Recently in 1778, Carlos II decrees the "Free Commerce" in new commercial system, upon seeing criticism the Spanish economy.

FOUNDATION OF LIMA AND OTHER CITIES

Leaving in the Cusco a regular garrison to the command of their brother Gonzalo, while sent its associate Almagro to Quito, Francisco Pizarro left the Cusco with the purpose of founding a city that was the capital of their government, therefore he and its army thought to be remained in Peru to carry out the important work of colonization. The valley of the Mantaro and in the native town arrived again of Hatun a bed of roses founded the Spanish city of a bed of roses so that was the capital of their government.

To the few months the neighbors found that the place very was not appropriated, therefore the new plants brought of Spain did not give good fruits and the animals did not reproduce, asking him that transferred the capital to a place in the coast. Pizarro ordered to be directed to the town and santuarlo native of Pachacámac, to recognize the curacazgos of Lurín and Bad, the fortress of the Huarco (Pipe) and the dominion of Chincha. Being in Pachacámac Pizarro commissioned to the Spanish Ruy Díaz, Juan Tello and Alonso Martin of Mr. Benito so that they inspected the lands of the curaca of the Rímac in search of a better place to found the capital of their Government.

The agents received a good impression upon arriving at the valley. They found it populated of many dominions all around, with good lands well sown, abundance of water and firewood and near a good natural port for the anchorage of the navas that communicated them with Panama. With so good news they returned to Pachacámac and Pizarro ordered immediately the transfer to the new place. Monday January 18, 1535 Francisco Pizarro proceeded to the solemn foundation of the capital city of its Government in the native town of File. The ceremony was carried out in the place that would be its main square, call later the residence of the rulers of Peru, the Greater Church or Cathedral and the localities of the city Hall. Other cities founded by the Spaniards were Trujillo, Saña, Ica, Chincha, Tarma, Arequipa, Huancavelica, Huamanga (Ayacucho), etc