Being already practically finished the conquest and given the importance of the Inca state that had been incorporated to the Spanish crown, the King of Spain Mr. Carlos I decided to elevate it to the category of Viceroyalty, directing that the "Kingdom of Peru" to be governed by a virrey that represented its real person (Real Decree given in Barcelona November 20, 1542).

Also it arranged for the same Royal Decree that in the "City of the Kings" of File to exist a Real Audience. Remained thus arranged that in South America", the upper authority and representation of the King of Spain was in Peru.

The first Virrey was Mr. Blasco Núñez Watches, that did its tremendous income to File in May of 1544. This virrey, we have seen, was a bearer of some New Laws given by the King that limited the use of the commissions and with it damaged the prerogatives of the conquerors, as well as gave other dispositions in favor of the nature. The Virrey proposed to cause to comply violently stirred up the reaction of the Real Audience.

In the end was the deportation of the Virrey by the Audience. The name Peru drifts of the name of the overlord or called place Birú, to the south of Panama and that was visited, seems that for the first time, by Paschal of Andagoya. The name Peru began to use and appears in the documents of the conquest in 1527. The Capitulation of Toledo already speaks officially of Peru.

EXTENSION

The Viceroyalty of Peru was the unique one that was created in South America and I cover almost the totality of the Spanish possessions in this continent. Only he remained out of his jurisdiction the region of Venezuela, that depended on the Audience of Santo Domingo, belonging to the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico). This enormous extension understood the territories of seven Audiences, that were themselves creating so on.

They were: the Audience of Panama (1535), that of Holy Fé of Bogota, in the called New Kingdom of Granada (1549); that of Quito (1563), that of File (1542); that of Ponds (1559); that of Chile (1609) and that of Buenos Aires (1661). This extension had it during the centuries XVI and XVII and even the second decade of the 18th century, in which began to be dismembered to give birth to new viceroyalties.

GOVERNMENT IN THE VICEROYALTY

The authorities in the same Viceroyalty were the following:

The Viceroy
Was the first authority in the Viceroyalty as the representative of the King in Spain. Considered political functions that was the leader of colonial Government; judicial, was President of the Audience Royal; military and naval of the Viceroyalty; economic; because collected the taxes and he exercised other attributions.

The Real Audience
Was the agency that administered justice in the colony. It was comprising a president, various judges or judges named by the king as well as a public prosecutor that defended the interests of the crown.

The city Hall
Was the agency or institution that was in charge of the government, of the cities and that has given rise to the current city halls. It was formed by two mayors and various managers.

The Magistrate
Was the official responsible for the government of a province that then small town was called. It was named by the King by a time limit from four to five year and should defend to the natural against the selfish grocers.

The Manager after the great revolution of Túpac Amaru II occurred like protest by the sad situation of the indigenas (1780) due to a large extent to the abuses of the farm lords, Carlos III revoked the small towns creating the commissariats in charge of the manager. The Commercial Life and Industrialist in the Viceroyalty The economic system established by Spain in its colonies was based on 4 principles:
The Exclusivism
The Interventionism
The Mercantilism
The Industries

The Culture during the Colonial Time

The Painting: It developed also under the influence of the European school being the Italian Mateo Perez that in 1558 originates a true revolution. The Cusco’s School was formed by Diego Quispe Tito, Basilio Pacheco in File Will Paint Fray Francisco Bejarano, José of the Well they were in their mostly religious motives, in fabrics wood and walls.

The Architecture: Existed three styles:
Baroque style: The Mercy and San Augustine
Rococo Style: The house Oquendo, The Fifth one of Prey and
Neoclassical Style Water Walk: High altars of the Cathedral and San Francisco.

The University of San Marcos:
By Real Decree of the 12 of of May of 1551 itself created the General Study of the City of the Kings or University of Lima, being dictated the first classes in the Convent of Santo Domingo (1553), other universities created were San Cristobal of Huamanga and San Antonio Abad of the Cuzco (1692).